In what various ways does the narrative viewpoint affect the text?

The novel is told through the eyes of Holden, therefore it is told from the first person. The biggest way this viewpoint affects the text is that every opinion and situation is told through Holden's perspective. This only allows the audience into only thinking in Holden's way. This does not necessarily hurt the novels quality, just changes the audience's perception of other characters and situations. Perhaps the biggest example of this is when Holden calls everyone phonies. This is constantly just stated with no knowledge, the audience only knows that Holden thinks they are fake and since this is the only piece of information we know, this opinion becomes the audience's own.